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Li Congke
Li Congke () (11 February 885 – 11 January 937), also known posthumously as Emperor Mo of Later Tang (後唐末帝, "last emperor of Later Tang"), Emperor Fei of Later Tang (後唐廢帝, "deposed emperor of Later Tang"), Wang Congke (王從珂) (particularly during succeeding Later Jin, which did not recognize him as a legitimate Later Tang emperor), or Prince of Lu (潞王, a title Li Congke carried prior to his reign), nickname Ershisan (二十三, "23") or, in short, Asan (阿三), was the last emperor of the Later Tang - the second of the Five Dynasties following the fall of the Tang Dynasty. He was an adoptive son of Li Siyuan (Emperor Mingzong) and took the throne after overthrowing Emperor Mingzong's biological son Emperor Min of Later Tang (Li Conghou).〔http://www.warriortours.com/intro/history/five_dynasty/〕 He was later himself overthrown by his brother-in-law Shi Jingtang, who was supported by Khitan troops (and whose Later Jin succeeded his). When the combined Later Jin and Khitan forces defeated Later Tang forces, Li Congke and his family members, as well as the guards most loyal to him, ascended a tower and set it on fire, dying in the fire.〔http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2006/e200603/p62.htm〕
== Background ==
Li Congke was born in 885, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang, in Pingshan (平山, in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). His biological father was a man with the surname of Wang. His mother was a Lady Wei; it appeared likely, although not completely clearly stated in history, that Lady Wei was Wang's wife.〔〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 15.〕
During the subsequent ''Jingfu'' era (892-893) of Emperor Xizong's brother and successor Emperor Zhaozong, there was a time when Li Siyuan, then an officer under his adoptive father, the major warlord Li Keyong the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Hebei), was pillaging the region under Li Keyong's command. He happened to encounter Lady Wei and Li Congke, and he captured them. He made Lady Wei either a co-wife (with Lady Cao, the mother of a daughter who later married Shi Jingtang and would later be empress during Later Jin, and possibly with Lady Xia, the mother of his biological sons Li Congrong and Li Conghou) or a concubine subordinated to Lady Cao.〔〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 49.〕 He took Li Congke as an adoptive son and named him Congke.〔〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 7.〕 (Li Congke was older than all of his biological sons, and it is not known whether any of them were born at this point, as the age of his two oldest biological sons, Li Congshen (李從審) and Li Congrong, were not recorded in history, although Li Conghou and another biological son, Li Congyi, were born long later.)〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 51.〕〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 45.〕 As he was born on the 23rd day of the first lunar month of 885, he received the nickname of "Ershisan" (23), or "Asan" in short.〔
In his childhood, Li Congke was said to be cautious and silent. According to an account that Li Siyuan gave later, Li Siyuan's household was not wealthy at that time, and there was often not enough money for household expenses. Li Congke took on part of the household financial burdens by collecting lime and horse manure, for family use and/or for sale.〔 Lady Wei died a few years after she was captured and was buried at Hedong's capital Taiyuan.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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